…emergence of more complex, hierarchically organized systems. The focus of the Synergism Hypothesis is on the favorable selection of synergistic “wholes” and the combinations of genes that direct the production…

…beetles. Ecological Entomology DOI: 10.1111/een.12703 [download pdf]     This work is part of project #13 in the EES research program, entitled Adaptation through niche construction and microbiome function in…

…Casasa S & Moczek AP 2017. Evidence of developmental niche construction in dung beetles: effects on growth, scaling and reproductive success. Ecol Lett 10.1111/ele.12830 [pdf]   You can contact the…

…    A romance exists around the notion that animals, such as chimpanzees or dolphins, covertly harbor complex communication systems unfathomed by humans. We rather like the idea that ‘arrogant’…

…and functional commonalities between GRNs and neural networks. These commonalities allow us to transfer knowledge derived from learning theory to understand cell plasticity. This is possible because, in simple terms,…

…that developmental systems can react to selectional or environmental perturbations in biased, emergent, and discontinuous ways, and suggested that this is something the theoretical structure of the MS is not…

…computer science we use algorithms, such as those modelling neural networks in the brain, to understand how learning works. Learning isn’t intrinsically mysterious; we can get machines to do it…

…when in competition with them. Collectively, all of these behavior patterns and decisions co-direct adaptive evolution. The manner in which organisms develop sums up across individuals in a population, and…