…on random variations with no direction. But despite its success, some oppose this theory because they don’t believe living things can evolve in increments. Something as complex as the eye…

…sense of our perceptual experience (compared to, say, colours)? Why are they scientifically understudied compared to other perceptual phenomena?   The answer is that, despite being so common, affordances have…

…to be effective enough to keep both gut microbial communities unique and apart. Further, as part of the purposeful release of both species under the oversight of the Commonwealth Scientific…

…focus on a bigger question. How and why did humans gain such exceptional capacities to reshape planet Earth? The most compelling answers I have found exist largely beyond the boundaries…

…own right, let us also recognize that the tools are shovel-ready for extending this synthesis to include the full complexities of social systems at community, societal, and even planetary scales….

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of one genotype to produce multiple phenotypes depending on external environmental conditions (see our slideshow for further information). It comes in many forms: from permanent…

…fails to account fully for the changes in biology that constitute evolution.   In a sense, one has to agree with this causal completeness argument. And yet, offering an “alternative…